Air Pollution Measurements in Moscow
Map of air monitoring system in Moscow
1. Air monitoring system in Moscow
Moscow air monitoring system has been started since 1996 by Moscow Government directive. Now it plays the helping role to city environmental organizations in different practical tasks. Steady development and improvement of system provides fast reaction in response to changes in constructional, industrial and transport policy and needs of population.
On initial stage system was presented by only 6 automatic control stations located in Central administrative area. Nowadays air monitoring is a complex process, and includes constant control of most important pollutants concentrations, everyday site surveys responding to citizen's requests, operative data processing with modern digital methods and providing authorities and population with relevant information.
System bases on 28 automatic control stations (ACS), that measure concentration of 18 most important air pollutants. Location of stations are presented in table. ACSs control air quality in all functional types of sites – residential and industrial areas, sites along the highways and zones of protection.
All data are sent to information-analytical centre - Mosecomonitoring State environmental protection enterprise. Automatic continual measuring method provides high practical value of Moscow air monitoring system. All data are sent to information-analytical centre - Mosecomonitoring State environmental protection enterprise. Automatic continual measuring method provides high practical value of Moscow air monitoring system.
Work of air monitoring system in Moscow also results in creating by Mosecomonitoring State environmental protection enterprise pollutants concentration data bank, allowing to analyze tendencies of changes in ecological situation, make forecasts and develop well-grounded and well-timed protective measures.
Information from sites out of stationary ACS is provided by another way. Air monitoring system have in use 2 mobile laboratories, working in residential areas. These laboratories make site surveys on territories with high anthropogenic pressure, great number of population complaints and that are planned for reconstruction.
Laboratory equipment allows to measure concentrations of most important air pollutants: carbonic oxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, ozone and sulfur dioxide. Mobile laboratory are also equiped with meteorological complex, providing air quality data connection with atmospheric conditions. Mobile laboratories may work in automatic status, and take specific samples for analyzing in Mosecomonitoring State environmental protection enterprise laboratory.
Due to independent energy supply, laboratory can work not only as temporary stationary point, but take samples afoot. This method allows to make air quality surveys on streets, highways and in underpasses without creating transport problems.
2. Main terms and definitions used
2.1 LVms and LVda for pollutants measured by ACS network
2.2 ACI (Air Contamination Index)
4. General air pollution characteristic
4.1 Pollutants' concentrations for different sites
5. Moscow air pollution by ACS data
5.1 Monthly average CO concentration (in LVda parts)
5.2 Daily average NO2 concentration changing
5.3 Daily average NO concentration changing
5.4 Monthly average NO2 concentrations
5.5 Monthly average NO concentration
5.6 Daily average SO2 concentration changing
5.7 Monthly average SO2 concentrations
5.8 Monthly average O3 concentrations
5.9 Daily average O3 concentration changes
5.10 Monthly average small suspended particles PM10 concentration, mg/m3